What Are The 3 Tests for CDL Permit in NY? – Quick Overview

Are you wondering, “What are the 3 tests for CDL permit in NY and how do I prepare for them?” Many first-time commercial drivers find the process confusing. Indeed, in New York, applicants pursuing a CDL permit must pass three written knowledge exams: General knowledge, air brakes, and combination vehicles. These tests evaluate your understanding of safety rules, braking systems, and how to operate a tractor-trailer. This guide explains each test clearly, outlines all requirements, and gives practical study tips to help you prepare with confidence.

What are the 3 tests for CDL permit in NY?

1. General Knowledge Test

General Knowledge Test

The General Knowledge Test is the foundation of the CDL permit. Every CDL applicant, Class A, B, or C, must pass this exam. It evaluates your understanding of CMV safety, federal/state regulations, and essential driving principles.

Main tested content

• Basic laws & regulations for commercial vehicles (weight/size limits, right-of-way, road rules).
• Safe driving practices: speed control, following distance, defensive driving, handling weather/road hazards.
• Cargo handling basics: securing load, cargo safety, weight distribution (especially if you haul cargo).
• Pre-trip inspection basics & vehicle safety awareness: knowing vehicle systems, hazards, and what to check before driving.
• Emergency procedures: brake failure, road hazards, etc, are part of safe-driving & vehicle safety material. 

Test format

• Multiple-choice questions.
• Passing score: 80% required.
• All applicants (any license class A/B/C) must take this test.

Preparation tips

• Study Sections 1, 2, and 3 of the CDL-10 manual thoroughly.
• Use flashcards to memorize rules, cargo and safety procedures, and road rules.
• Do New York general Knowledge practice questions (multiple-choice) under exam conditions.
• Focus on understanding, especially safety and inspection concepts.

2. Air Brakes Test

Air Brakes Test

The Air Brakes Test is required for any driver who wants to operate a commercial vehicle equipped with air brakes. Most Class A tractor-trailers use air brake systems, so this test is essential for the majority of CDL applicants.

Main tested content

• Air brake system components: understanding compressors, tanks, gauges, valves, brake chambers, service brakes, parking brakes, and emergency brakes.
• Dual air brake systems: how dual systems supply air, low-pressure warnings, and redundancy safety features.
• Safe air brake operation: recognizing brake lag, understanding stopping distance, and using service/parking brakes correctly.
• Pre-trip air brake inspection: checking air leakage, warning alarms, spring brake engagement, and compressor build-up rate.
• Brake failure prevention: overheated brakes, low air pressure scenarios, brake fade, and emergency braking procedures.

Test format

• Multiple-choice questions.
• Passing score: 80% required.
• Required for any CDL applicant who wishes to drive a CMV with air brakes.
• If you do not pass this test, your CDL will carry an L restriction (No Air Brakes).

Preparation tips

• Study Section 5 (Air Brakes) of the CDL-10 manual carefully, including system diagrams.
• Memorize the air brake pre-trip inspection sequence.
• Practice with New York air Brake practice questions focused on air pressure systems, brake lag, and emergency procedures.
• Understand how the system works, not just definitions; concepts are frequently tested.

3. Combination Vehicles Test

Combination Vehicles Test

The Combination Vehicles Test is required for drivers seeking a Class A CDL, which covers tractor-trailer operations. This exam ensures you can safely operate vehicles with trailers attached.

Main tested content

• Coupling and uncoupling procedures: proper trailer connection, fifth-wheel locking, kingpin checks, and safe uncoupling steps.
• Combination vehicle inspection: verifying air/electrical line connections, safety latches, locking jaw position, and trailer brake systems.
• Trailer dynamics & safety: understanding off-tracking, trailer swing, rollover risks, and how to prevent jackknifing.
• Space and speed management: handling long trailers on turns, lane changes, curves, and while backing.
• Air brake interactions with trailers: trailer air supply, tractor protection valve, emergency braking, and gladhand connections.

Test format

• Multiple-choice questions.
• Passing score: 80% required.
• Required for any driver applying for a Class A permit or CDL.

Preparation tips

• Study Section 6 (Combination Vehicles) of the CDL-10 manual thoroughly, along with Section 5 for brake-related coupling systems.
• Review step-by-step coupling and uncoupling procedures until fully memorized.
• Use Combination Vehicles practice tests focusing on trailer sway, jackknife scenarios, and proper turning techniques.
• Understand how trailer length, weight, and articulation impact stability and stopping distance.

FAQs

1. What do I need to get a CDL permit in New York?

To obtain a CDL permit in New York, you must meet the following requirements:

• You must be at least 18 years old to drive intrastate (within New York State) and at least 21 years old to drive interstate (across state lines) or to transport hazardous materials.
• You must hold a valid New York State driver’s license.
• You need to provide documents verifying your identity, New York residency, and Social Security number.
• You must pass the Written Knowledge Test (General Knowledge and any required endorsement tests) and the Vision Test.
• If you plan to operate vehicles requiring endorsements (HazMat, Passenger, Tanker, Combination, Air Brakes, or School Bus), you must submit the necessary documentation and pass the corresponding knowledge tests.
• Pay all applicable CDL permit fees at the DMV.

Check detailed requirements to get a CDL permit in New York with this article: “How to get your CDL license in New York.”

2. Do you need a DOT physical to get a CDL permit in New York?

Yes. You must complete a DOT medical exam performed by a certified medical examiner. The DOT physical evaluates:

• Vision and hearing
• Blood pressure
• Heart health
• Musculoskeletal condition
• Overall medical fitness

You must submit a valid Medical Examiner’s Certificate (DOT Medical Card) to the DMV.

Wrap up

Knowing what are the 3 tests for CDL permit in NY are is essential for every aspiring commercial driver. These tests, General Knowledge, Air Brakes, and Combination Vehicles, ensure you are prepared to operate commercial vehicles safely. By studying the CDL manual, practicing for the written test, and completing your DOT physical, you increase your chances of passing on the first attempt. Start your CDL journey today and take the first step toward a professional driving career in New York.